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Alder tends to be a light tan to reddish brown; color darkens and reddens with age. There is no visible distinction between heartwood and sapwood. Very easy to work with both hand and machine tools; it sands especially easy. The wood is rather soft, however, and care must be taken to avoid denting it in some applications. Turns, glues, and finishes well.
Common Uses: Wood Carving, Cabinetry, Light Construction Work, Interior Trim for Boats, Plywood and many other uses.
The heartwood is a light to medium brown color. Sapwood can be very wide, and tends to be a beige or light brown; not always clearly or sharply demarcated from heartwood. Produces good results with hand or machine tools. Responds well to steam bending. Glues, stains, and finishes well.
Common Uses: Flooring, millwork, boxes/crates, baseball bats, and other turned objects such as tool handles.
Pale white to light brown color, with sapwood and heartwood sections not clearly defined. Growth rings tend to be subtle, and color is mostly uniform throughout the face grain of the wood. Knots and other defects are uncommon.
Easy to work, being very soft and light. Perhaps one of the most suitable wood species for hand carving. Basswood also glues and finishes well, but has poor steam bending and nail holding characteristics.
Common Uses: Carvings, lumber, musical instruments, veneer, plywood.
Heartwood tends to be a light reddish brown, with nearly white sapwood. There is virtually no color distinction between annual growth rings, giving Birch a somewhat dull, uniform appearance.
Generally easy to work with hand and machine tools, though boards with wild grain can cause grain tearout during machining operations. Turns, glues, and finishes well.
Common Uses: Plywood, boxes, crates, turned objects, interior trim, and other small specialty wood items.
Heartwood tends to be a reddish or violet-brown. Sapwood is a pale yellow color, and can appear throughout the heartwood as streaks and stripes.
Overall, Aromatic Red Cedar is easy to work, not with standing any knots or irregularities present in the wood.
Common Uses: Fence posts, closet and chest linings, carvings, outdoor furniture, bows, and small wooden specialty items.
Heartwood is a light pinkish brown when freshly cut, darkening to a medium reddish brown with time and upon exposure to light. Wide sapwood is a pale yellowish color. It is not uncommon for boards to contain at least some sapwood portions along the outer edges.
Workability: Black cherry is known as being one of the best all-around woods for workability. It is stable, straight-grained, and machines well.
Called curly maple because the ripples in the grain pattern create a three dimensional effect that appears as if the grain has “curled” along the length of the board. It’s also referred to as fiddleback maple, in reference to its historic use for the backs and sides of violins.
Color tends to be a light, yellowish brown. Sapwood is nearly white. Some pieces can have scattered dark pockets and voids where the wood has been attacked by fungi—called pecky cypress.
Sharp cutters and light passes are recommended.
Common Uses: Exterior construction, exterior furniture, docks, boatbuilding, interior trim, and veneer.
Holly has a very uniform, pale white color with virtually no visible grain pattern. Can develop a bluish/gray fungal stain if not dried rapidly after cutting. Can be difficult to work on account of the numerous knots and interlocked grain. Glues, stains, and finishes well. Turns well on the lathe.
Common Uses: Inlays, furniture, piano keys (dyed black), broom and brush handles, turned objects, and other small novelty items.
Heartwood is a medium to light reddish brown. Wide sapwood is a light yellow, clearly distinguished from the heartwood.
Can be difficult to work with hand and machine tools on account of its density, though it generally produces good results. Turns, glues, stains, and finishes well.
Unlike most other hardwoods, the sapwood of hard maple lumber is most commonly used rather than its heartwood. Sapwood color ranges from nearly white, to an off-white cream color, sometimes with a reddish or golden hue. The heartwood tends to be a darker reddish brown. Fairly easy to work with both hand and machine tools, though slightly more difficult than soft maple due to hard maple’s higher density.
Common Uses: Furniture, Cabinetry, Architectural Millwork, Instrument Making, Wood Turning.
Don’t be fooled by the name, most species of soft maple have a hardness and density near black walnut . Soft is a relative term, and is only used to differentiate it from hard maple.
Common Uses: Flooring, Furniture, Architectural Millwork, Cabinetry, Musical Instruments.
Named for ambrosia fungi, which is found in association with ambrosia beetles. The beetles bore into the trunk of the tree, bringing with them the ambrosia fungi, which subsequently stains and discolors the surrounding wood. The discoloration can be very similar to spalted maple, though with ambrosia maple, the discoloration is centered around the boring paths of the beetles, and their entrance holes can usually be seen.
Heartwood is a light to medium brown, commonly with a reddish cast.
Produces good results with hand and machine tools. Has moderately high shrinkage values. Responds well to steam-bending. Glues, stains, and finishes well.
Common Uses: Cabinetry, furniture, interior trim, flooring, and veneer.
Heartwood is a light to medium brown, commonly with an olive cast. Grain is straight, with a coarse, uneven texture. Rated as very durable.
Common Uses: Cabinetry, furniture, interior trim, flooring, boatbuilding, barrels, and veneer.
Heartwood is light cream to yellowish brown, with occasional streaks of gray or green. Sapwood is pale yellow to white. Very easy to work in almost all regards, one of Poplar’s only downsides is its softness. Due to its low density, Poplar can sometimes leave fuzzy surfaces and edges.
Common Uses: Poplar is a utility wood in nearly every sense. It’s used for pallets, crates, upholstered furniture frames, paper, and plywood.
Heartwood is a golden to dark reddish brown. Color tends to darken with age. Sapele is also known for a wide variety of figured grain patterns, such as: pommele, quilted, mottled, wavy, beeswing, and fiddleback.
Common Uses: Veneer, plywood, furniture, cabinetry, flooring, boatbuilding, musical instruments, turned objects.
Heartwood can range from a lighter pale brown to a dark chocolate brown with darker brown streaks. Color can sometimes have a gray, purple, or reddish cast. Sapwood is nearly white.
Common Uses: Furniture, cabinetry, gunstocks, interior paneling, veneer, turned items, and other small wooden objects.
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